Yes, a few were( are) carbon, never an issue. The frame doesn't know that it is a shim, a wooden dowel or a solid piece of titanium billet, it just knows that it is the proper diameter. I also think that the use of a shim is more secure because it spreads the load of the clamp along its length of the shim, as opposed as just at the clamp...my opinion.
If there was ever to be a warranty issue caused by using a shim, which I have never heard of, would you tell the manufacturer that you were using a shim?
I used to make my own seat posts and at that time, we only made the popular sizes of 26.8, 27.2 and 31.6 seat post diameters. At that time, mid 90's-early 2000's, there were several unusual seat post diameters going around, 28.6, 29.8, etc, 30.9 was just starting. We sold shims to customers that had those sizes which we didn't have a post size for. I never had anyone complain about a failed frame or post, at least, they never let me know if they did.
I believe in the use of a shim, if necessary, don't really want to get in a disagreement with you in regards.