Went down the same physics rabbit hole and haven't been in a classroom in 25 years. In the field they are noticably different.
Whether that's rotor material or surface area I'd like to know... interesting topic.
Friction, and coefficients thereof, is an empirical/theoretical thing that matches up to reality pretty often, but isn't mathematically precise.
In theory, reduction of area of contact proportionally increases the pressure from the normal force from the friction equation, while also reducing the area of contact between the surfaces. All of that assuming that the contact is uniform as is the distribution of force/pressure from the normal force, Ff = m * Fn.
That works out great, most of the time, especially as a comparator between material pairs with different coefficients of friction, i.e. as a relative measure of frictive force.
But in the real world, especially with kinetic friction, a lot of factors can come into play, the contact area being one of them. Probably the best way to account for it in the context of disc brakes is that a rotor with lots of open space in the contact area has a different/lower coefficient of friction than one with more solid braking surface, for a given set of rotor/pad materials.