I have the same RD and it started doing exactly that a few weeks ago, wore a nice little groove in the inner cage plate before I figured it out. I stole the jockey wheels off my road bike and the problem went away, so I bought new ones and haven't sucked the chain like that even once since. I imagine it has much to do with the teeth getting worn and allowing the chain to roll over and off the jockey wheel.
Replace them ASAP or you'll destroy the cage.
RE: 1x10- There is no 'short' cage for XT RD's, only long and Medium. The recommended cage length for 1x10 is medium. If you want an actual short cage RD, you need a Zee or Saint model made for DH. It's my understanding that it's gonna limit you on how big of a cog you can use, meaning you have to stick with a 11-36 cassette or smaller. No 40 or 42 extended range cog- a short cage can't accommodate an extended range. I'm not 100% certain about the range on the short cage, but by far the most popular option is medium cage, and I've read posts/reviews to substantiate that. Also, OneUp's RADr cage is medium length, and they make the thing specifically for an 11-42 cassette, so that says a lot.
A 1x10 setup is definitely not for everyone. I have had a 1x10 (30x36 granny- medium cage XT) for a while and it works great for about 95% of my riding, but there are some days I just ain't feelin it and wish I had a 40T, mostly after the 3 hour mark on rides when my legs are tired, or when I go up from Phoenix to 8k+ ft ASL in Flagstaff and the air is thin. I'm almost certain I'll be doing the 40T+GoatLink in the very near future.