rocdog said:
I was told that the rider has to really put a lot of effort into keeping a bend in the elbows.
I question that advice. Under moderate to heavy effort, the upper body should be in a balanced position with the bars placed to provide a slight bend in the elbow and a comfortable upper body position.
If you are locking your arms to support your weight, then the fit needs work. Several things can cause too much forward weight:
1. Seat fore/aft.
2. too much reach (stem length, bar height, top tube length).
3. Core strength not supporting upper body.
4. Seat tilt.
Assuming correct saddle height, the first thing I'd check is seat tilt, and try tilting the nose up to a point that its uncomfortable, and then back it down a touch. If the nose is down, it will cause you to slide forward and make your arms support your body rather then the seat. Put your bike in a stationary trainer, make sure the two wheels are level with each other, and tweak on the seat tilt until its just right.
If that doesn't fix it then look at seat fore/aft and reach. Knee behind pedal spindle 2cm is a good starting point. You could try moving the seat back 1cm and putting that shorter stem on just for a test, it could adjust the balance just right.
Try a balance test while its still in the trainer. Get on the bike and put it in a moderately hard gear (like an effort you'd use for cruising at a fast speed across the flats). Start pedaling and see if you can remove your hands from the bars. Do you fall forward? Do you need to lift your upper body up and back to prevent from falling forward? Or can you maintain the same upper body position?
If you can hold hold your upper body position pretty solid for say 3,4,5 seconds, then I'd say your seat fore/aft and reach are probably pretty good. If thats the case, then practice relaxing your arms and letting your upper body lean forward a bit more. When crusing at slow speed, you'll need to use your arms more for support. At moderate to harder speeds, you should be able to relax your upper body and arms, with your elbows slightly bent (the force on the pedals will work to hold your upper body up, if your properly balanced on the seat for your core strength and reach).
If all this does nothing, then I'd look at top tube length, could it be too long?
Setting up MTB fit is tedious work finding the perfect balance of comfort, power, and balance/center of gravity for best handling and performance. It may take a while!
Some things to add to the mix anyway!