Rotor size
I'm not sure that frame size, long rides or endurance racing really dictate what rotor size you should use. Certainly for long rides and endurance racing, weight is a consideration, so the smaller rotor size would save a few grams. Personally, I would be considering rider weight, they type of terrain you ride, aggressiveness of riding style, and the bike's fork's ability to handle the larger rotor.
For example, if you are a rider who weighs 150 lbs, rides a bike with a fork that has 28mm stanchions, and doesn't encouner long downhills then 6 inch rotors would make sense. If you weigh over 200 lbs, your fork has at least 30mm stanchions and you do a lot of long descents in your riding, a the 180mm rotor makes a lot more sense, IMO.
I hope this helps.
Bob