I'm pretty sure without looking at your current Shimano hub that it's a typical cup and cone with loose ball bearings which can't be converted to allow a Microspline freehub to be retrofitted.
If you're only looking for an alternative hub just to fit your 12 speed groupset then there is the option of fitting an alternative 12speed HG compatible cassette but with that you would lose the HG+ (shifting under load function) that your SLX cassette has.
I personally would ditch the Shimano hub anyway, upgrade and go for something like this example Hope hub:-
There are other good quality hubs that would also be suitable. Basically a non Boost thru axle (142×12 ta) that have brand specific Microspline, HG, XD Driver options and also quick release end cap conversion kits for use with quick release frames/dropouts.
I've never built a wheel so far, there's no reason why it wouldn't be able to go into your current rim. I guess it would need new (and likely different length) spokes but I'll leave that for someone else with more knowledge to answer.
If you're only looking for an alternative hub just to fit your 12 speed groupset then there is the option of fitting an alternative 12speed HG compatible cassette but with that you would lose the HG+ (shifting under load function) that your SLX cassette has.
I personally would ditch the Shimano hub anyway, upgrade and go for something like this example Hope hub:-
There are other good quality hubs that would also be suitable. Basically a non Boost thru axle (142×12 ta) that have brand specific Microspline, HG, XD Driver options and also quick release end cap conversion kits for use with quick release frames/dropouts.
I've never built a wheel so far, there's no reason why it wouldn't be able to go into your current rim. I guess it would need new (and likely different length) spokes but I'll leave that for someone else with more knowledge to answer.