SRAM direct-mount boost chainrings have 3mm offset and non-boost 6mm. Does anyone know how much it really matters, this is only about the width of the teeth?
I was also always wondering if there is a good way to measure the offset, to see if its correct if converting a 4-spline crank.
No, it has nothing to do with the width of the teeth. Offset changes the location of the chainline relative to the centerline of the bicycle's frame. There are so many variations in frames out there that there is no clean answer about what's necessary. It all comes down to the frame you're installing it on. What's the rear hub spacing of that frame? What sort of clearance does the frame have between the chainring and the chainstay? How much clearance do you need for the tire?
For example, on my Guerrilla Gravity Pedalhead frame, my setup is all janky with spacing.
The frame has a 148mm (boost) spaced rear hub, except that hub is offset 3mm towards the drive side compared to a symmetric boost frame. I'm using RaceFace Turbine CINCH cranks with the 136mm NON-boost spindle and a Wolftooth BOOST chainring (3mm offset) that's FLIPPED (so the offset is away from the centerline of the bike) to clear the chainstay.
I could not run a narrower chainline because of clearance to the chainstay. I could run a wider chainline (6mm offset chainring flipped, to move the chainline farther from the centerline of the bike), but then my chainline on the bigger cogs would suffer. But if I wanted a bigger chainring, I would HAVE TO (again, clearance to the chainstay).
Unless you have a specific reason, it's probably best to just replace what you have with the identical spacing. If you want to change chainring size, it's worthwhile to check clearance to ensure it will fit.