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Please explain "reach" to me.

9687 Views 76 Replies 32 Participants Last post by  jeremy3220
Not a novice rider but never paid too much attention to certain geo factors. If I demoed a bike I wanted and it fit and felt good I brought it. Now,looking at and reviewing bikes I'm interested in on line and knowing I could never realistically demo I've been focusing a lot on geo charts.I have spread sheets and charts made up that would put most bike geeks to shame(embarrassed to say)
My question is where does reach really come into play? I feel if I've got the correct ETT for my physical make up then that's 3/4's of the battle won and the rest can be corrected with steer tube(spacers), bar configuration, stem or alleviated with a steeper seat tube angle.
Is the "reach" number something that just dictates WB and has little to do with rider size as opposed to bike handling?
As a "for instance" my Stache has a reach of 480cm and an ETT of 640cm whereas a MiddleChild has a reach of only 465cm but an ETT of 642cm.To me the ETT of the Stache although being marginally shorter would fit me better than the MiddleChild with a substantially shorter reach.
Just trying to understand where my focus should be while trying to find the best fit without being able to demo.
I'm currently looking at a frame that has a reach of 485cm which has me nervous but lists the ETT as 633cm which is even less than my Stache.

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Without getting too deep, you need to look at the whole package and not 1 or 2 measurements. I see where your coming from though since your experience is limited, whereas others that have already owned several bikes will most likely know their favorite reach number overall.

I think this is a great tool to do comparisons Geometry Geeks
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Unforunately it was easier in the "old" days. Now EFF TT does not really tell you much because with LLS (long low slack) geometry the headtube angle changes the reach significantly without changing the effective top tube. So the reach and the stack are designed to give you some idea of fit without using TT or ST which are not reliable indicators of anything anymore.
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I used to professionally fit bikes with Specialized, Retul, Trek and Lemond. I don't really care what the reach is as long as the ETT is long enough. If the reach is longer then what I am used to but the ETT is shorter I always end up with a 80-90mm stem and I hate that. I like to use a 40-60mm stem and ETT decides that not reach. I set the saddle to have the knee at 1/2" in front of the crank arm at 9 o'clock. then adjust stem length from there. a lot of riders now look at reach and do not care where the saddle ends up in relationship to the crank for pedaling because they are only interested in enduro or DH and then reach becomes a different aspect to fit. I want to excel on the climbs and flats as well and optimal pedal stroke ensures that.
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ETT is still very useful.

It tells you about the fit of the bike when you're seated.

Reach tells you about the fit of the bike when you're standing up.

Both dimensions are important for a mtb, because you're going to move between both positions. Other geometry measurements tell you other things about the bike, as well, so they're just as important.

For a newer rider with no frame of reference, don't focus on the numbers. Hell, don't even look at them. Just ride some bikes and buy what feels good to ride.
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Reach tells you quite a lot about how the bike will feel when you're out of the saddle. ETT tells you pretty much nothing about how the bike will feel out of the saddle.

My two bikes are both XL, ETT is within 8mm but one has 30mm more reach and 25mm more stack and feels very different when the trails are toward the edge of what my skills are good for.
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Without getting too deep, you need to look at the whole package and not 1 or 2 measurements. I see where your coming from though since your experience is limited, whereas others that have already owned several bikes will most likely know their favorite reach number overall.

I think this is a great tool to do comparisons Geometry Geeks
This. Alllll of this. Reach alone, is bullshit for sizing. It doesn’t take into account SA or stack height. HA also affects reach, but I don’t think that it’s considered in the reach measurement.
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Reach is base length when standing.
ETT is base length when seated.

Modern bikes tend to have long reach and short ETT. Older bikes it is the oppposite.
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Reach is base length when standing.
ETT is base length when seated.

Modern bikes tend to have long reach and short ETT. Older bikes it is the oppposite.
Exactly and this drives me nuts! I have to size up on all bikes now at 6'1" to find a bike that I can sit and peddle comfortably. A lot of brands do not even make a bike that I can get to fit in their XL. I now exclusively have to look at small mfgs to get a desired bike, just ordered a Vassago that is perfect in a size large. For taller riders then myself, it must be a real problem.
ETT is coincidental, it depends a lot on the design of the frame, especially with full suspension bikes where the TT does not run through the bottom bracket. It also does not take into account the fact that mountain bikers stand on the bike a lot.
When you are standing the position of the seat is not really relevant (just a little).

Reach is the correct way to measure the length of the bike, based on your ergonomic touch points, not based on frame design. It is much more true to fit. Bikes with the same reach and stem should feel identical when you stand on the pedals. Bikes with the same TT, either horizontal or actual can have actual different length, so as a fit number it is an approximation. The second number to look at is effective seat tube angle. This is slightly less important because you can change the seat position.

Measuring bikes using seat tube and top tube is some of the poor legacies we have from road bikes and poor engineering of mountain bikes in their early years. Speaking of, road bikes also should stop using tubes for sizing and adopt reach/stack/effective seat angle.
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For taller riders then myself, it must be a real problem.
That's odd, I'm ~6'3" and I feel like finally it's easy to find bikes that fit me.
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Exactly and this drives me nuts! I have to size up on all bikes now at 6'1" to find a bike that I can sit and peddle comfortably. A lot of brands do not even make a bike that I can get to fit in their XL. I now exclusively have to look at small mfgs to get a desired bike, just ordered a Vassago that is perfect in a size large. For taller riders then myself, it must be a real problem.
How is that possible? Todays medium is 15 years ago XL. I used to ride XL and now L, which is still a lot longer.
If you think the seat is too close to the front, you can always move it backwards. And also use the same stem from decades ago.
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Exactly and this drives me nuts! I have to size up on all bikes now at 6'1" to find a bike that I can sit and peddle comfortably. A lot of brands do not even make a bike that I can get to fit in their XL. I now exclusively have to look at small mfgs to get a desired bike, just ordered a Vassago that is perfect in a size large. For taller riders then myself, it must be a real problem.
100% agree. Although bikes have gotten longer, seat tubes have gotten steeper, head tubes have gotten slacker, stems have gotten shorter and we now almost all use dropper posts so the setback post is all but a thing of the past. I have found all those things result in what I like to call a shorter "cockpit" (the measurement from the tip of your saddle to the centerline of the handlebar) for a given size compared to bikes from 4-5 years ago.. To me, for the type of endurance/marathon riding I do which is seated and pedaling a large percentage of the time I think "cockpit" length is the most important dimension. Comfort while seated and pedaling is priority #1. I am lucky enough to know AutoCAD so when i was shopping for my current bike I actually made a sketch of several bikes in size L and XL to try and figure out which would fit best. I'm a smidge over 6 foot tall and ended up with an XL Ripley and could not be happier with that decision. Prior to that I've never owned an XL bike in my 20+ years of cycling. YMMV.

...and oddly enough I rode both a Jabberwocky and Bandersnatch for a while back in the late 2000's to early 2010's. Both size L.
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How is that possible? Todays medium is 15 years ago XL. I used to ride XL and now L, which is still a lot longer.
If you think the seat is too close to the front, you can always move it backwards. And also use the same stem from decades ago.
Because you different style of riding then I do, I sometimes I have a 2 hour seated climb or longer.
ETT is coincidental, it depends a lot on the design of the frame, especially with full suspension bikes where the TT does not run through the bottom bracket. It also does not take into account the fact that mountain bikers stand on the bike a lot.
When you are standing the position of the seat is not really relevant (just a little).

Reach is the correct way to measure the length of the bike, based on your ergonomic touch points, not based on frame design. It is much more true to fit. Bikes with the same reach and stem should feel identical when you stand on the pedals. Bikes with the same TT, either horizontal or actual can have actual different length, so as a fit number it is an approximation. The second number to look at is effective seat tube angle. This is slightly less important because you can change the seat position.

Measuring bikes using seat tube and top tube is some of the poor legacies we have from road bikes and poor engineering of mountain bikes in their early years. Speaking of, road bikes also should stop using tubes for sizing and adopt reach/stack/effective seat angle.
That is not true, for power output for XC racing it is critical your saddle to pedal position for power output. Your fit must start there, you cannot just move the seat around to make your cockpit longer. Again as I said, if you doing Enduro or DH that does not apply as you have noted.
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Many posters here — particularly Harold’s post — are spot on.

Everything is dependent on your riding. I don’t shuttle or ride park, thus do a lot of climbing. Seated fit is VERY important to me. Reach is the third (or fourth) number I look at for bike fitment personally.
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ETT is still very useful.

It tells you about the fit of the bike when you're seated.

Reach tells you about the fit of the bike when you're standing up.

Both dimensions are important for a mtb, because you're going to move between both positions. Other geometry measurements tell you other things about the bike, as well, so they're just as important.
this. I have absolutely no time for bike fit advice that is limited to how the bike fits and handles when I am seated. seated pedaling fit is important, of course, but that's where MOST bike fitting advice stops — from online guides to professional bike fitters. most of the really fun and critical stuff happens when my butt is nowhere near the saddle. ETT is also still confusing because the seat tube angle is not consistent and sometimes is offset from the BB. I'm a big proponent of RAD sizing: distance from the BB to the grips. start there and adjust the saddle position so your body feels balanced when sitting. if the STA is too steep or slack to allow for the saddle to be placed in a position that makes me feel balanced after I have optimized the standing position, it's not a good bike for me.
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Unforunately it was easier in the "old" days. Now EFF TT does not really tell you much because with LLS (long low slack) geometry the headtube angle changes the reach significantly without changing the effective top tube. So the reach and the stack are designed to give you some idea of fit without using TT or ST which are not reliable indicators of anything anymore.
ETT will still tell you how it will feel seated pedaling. It's not useless.
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That's odd, I'm ~6'3" and I feel like finally it's easy to find bikes that fit me.
Totally agree. For me l, at 6’3 as well, I finally feel like there are bikes that fit me. Still have yet to ever be on a bike that felt too big, however.

I think reach is far more important than ETT when looking at fit, not to say ETT is not important. However, if the ETT is off, there are things that can be done to adjust bike fit when seated. You can move the seat on the rails forward or back and/or you can get a layback seat post or one that brings you forward more. You can also change out bars and stems to get the seated fit right. But with reach, you can really only change the stem/bars around if fit is not quite right.

So if the reach is not right, then it will be more difficult to get the bike fit right then if the ETT is off from your ideal fit. Also, it is when I am standing that I am pushing the bike to limits and I want the geometry to be dialed for when things get tricky and I am on the edge so I focus there first, then adjust things like seat position to get the other measurements like seated fit correct for my likings.
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Years ago I went to Angel Fire Bike Park for the first time on my L Yeti 5.5 w/ a 50mm stem (Reach 442mm, I'm 5'10" btw)) and it was then that I well and truly realized that the current bikes, fit just awful. While standing my hands were oddly close to my knees, and not just a little bit. Sure it was a thing I had sort of noticed on my local trails but since I constantly went from standing to sitting the oddness of it hadn't hit me smack dab in the nose like it did that day at AFBP.

At AFBP to just be in a neutral position on that L 5.5 I was having to scoot my butt back in a weird squat like my butt was stuck in a bucket and doing this all day completely exhausted me (I'm quite bike fit). If I actually tried to stand in a neutral position where my weight was centered on the cranks and my hands were comfortable to steer but not with tons of weight on them, I found my bars were about 2.5" too close to even remotely be comfortable and relaxed.

When I got back from that trip I knew something needed to change and that's when I started really seeking out MUCH longer bikes. I now ride about a 496mm Reach bike and it feels completely natural and comfortable. But that long Reach only worked because of a steeper sta and slacker hta, both of which also provided numerous advantages. Otherwise the Effective top tube length would have ended up way too long and the seated position would have been awkward.
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