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Full Suspension Mulligan

6836 Views 31 Replies 8 Participants Last post by  a_j_p
So about a year ago I built my first FS bike - and I spent most of my effort trying to figure out how to actually build it as well as create a leverage curve I wanted... I really didn't focus on the bike structure, I just took the bits of advice I could get from others who have made FS bikes and hoped for the best... And it failed as shown here.

So I decided I should try again - but this time focus more on creating a bike that theoretically should last longer... I don't know if it will ride as well or not, but that isn't so much my goal with this one.

For some background - I work as an engineer but what I do is very far away from structural metallics... However, software and access to knowledgeable/'much smarter than I' people is easy to come by (for me time is the toughest commodity)... So I spent some time with those people learning more about how to better evaluate what I'm doing - I am far from an expert and probably won't ever be one - but hopefully what I have started at least puts me on a better path.

This frame is a straight single pivot with a fully triangulated rear end - simple and easy. The front end uses a 44.5x0.95mm straight gauge tube for the main portion of the down tube (there is a 1.75x0.065” bottom section for where the pivot axle pierces), and 35mm ST and TT.

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The rear end is a little more complicated but nothing crazy. The ‘yoke’ portion consists of 35mm tubing and some machined 17-4 to connect to the pivot (I like using stainless because I don't have to worry about rust/paint/etc. around the bearings - and Xometry Supplies sells it reasonably cheap). The bearings press into the machined plates and 15mm bolts connect it to the welded in axle through the DT. I used off-the-shelf chain and seat stays. I was never a huge fan of this particular design seeing similar things on production bikes - but it was enticing from its simplicity so I went with it.
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Jigging the rear end was actually pretty simple, which was nice. I used 2 pieces of T-Slotted extrusions, some machined aluminum and some 3D printed parts... I bought a cheap ($250) FDM 3D printer for one of my kids - and despite being very spoiled with the printing available when I'm at work, I find this cheap printer still super useful and use it way more than expected for jigging... And I even think with a little patience, caution and extra fine-tuning, I could likely have swapped all of the machined aluminum parts for printed ones with little/no compromise.
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As of now I have the rear triangle and front triangle mostly done. I still need to put the pivot in the front triangle, add shock mounts and some other small details but it is getting there.
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Now with this particular design - if I am doing everything correctly - the downtube will actually be the weakest point when considering single event/heavy loading (i.e. the EFBE Tri Test max overload test). This is of course neglecting any fatigue, welding issues, or other f*ck ups that I may introduce. Anyway, under full compression the shock applies a pretty decent bending moment on the downtube - which at least in most available frames made this way - are reinforced/load distributed in some fashion or another.

Scouring the inter-webs at what others do at this location, I really only found 2 options: long shock mounts or sleeves. Because I am using basically a 1.75" DT, options for sleeving available to me would start with a 2" OD tube and some lathe work (I have a small sh*t lathe so that's not an easy option for me personally)... So I opted for long (~180mm) shock mounts with some aluminum adapter plates (yes I put my initials in the aluminum pieces).
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A friend reviewing my design suggested 3D printing a shock mount instead. It's super interesting but I know nothing about metal printing so I was basically too intimidated to try... Though I am pretty stoked to see Natzoo's recent post about 3D printed parts and am hoping to learn more - potentially even trying this out in the not so distant future.

As for the rest of the bike - I hope to find time to complete it in the next week or two. Will post more when completed, but also will respond if questions/comments or useful criticism.
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But where are your prin...

Nah, looks sick. Following with interest.
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Surprised you didn't continue to refine the original vs going to the singlepivot. With a well braced shock mount on the dt it should be sturdy.
Yeah, I'd also be curious to see how some new dropouts would hold up on the original design with a different alloy and a little thicker plate.

But, obviously the new design looks much more sturdy and is probably a better design.
Surprised you didn't continue to refine the original vs going to the singlepivot.
I thought about it, and to a small extent did a little when I changed up my wife's bike (though in reality that's more of a bandaid that should be ok for a novice and super light rider)... When starting to do some more/learn some more about analysis of the bike - mostly trying to visualize locations of high stress I mentally seem to be incapable of seeing off the bat - the single pivot seemed like an easier starting platform.

I've never ridden a non-linkage driven single pivot like this... The leverage curve is mostly linear (ever so slightly regressive) which I have suspicions will take me a bit to get used to... Who knows, maybe I'll love it, but the current theory in my head is to continue learning and work back up to linkage designs with more confidence...

When that other bike failed it was super lucky to be in a good location of a mellow trail. Had it been anywhere on the few rides before that day things would've been much worse. That has scared me a bit.

This new frame will likely fall somewhere between moderately heavy to super heavy but at this point I feel like I need something solid to re-excite me and give me confidence to actually ride the bike rather than baby it. I'd rather not defer to my mass produced bike that I'm only sort of fond of every time I want to ride a real trail...

Long story short - that is why.
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Yeah, I'd also be curious to see how some new dropouts would hold up on the original design with a different alloy and a little thicker plate.

But, obviously the new design looks much more sturdy and is probably a better design.
It's a step backwards on the leverage ratio. More compromise needed between small bump sensitivity and bottom out on the single pivot. Some of that can be helped with shock that has hydraulic bottom out support like the EXT coils.
I thought about it, and to a small extent did a little when I changed up my wife's bike (though in reality that's more of a bandaid that should be ok for a novice and super light rider)... When starting to do some more/learn some more about analysis of the bike - mostly trying to visualize locations of high stress I mentally seem to be incapable of seeing off the bat - the single pivot seemed like an easier starting platform.
Thanks for posting this project. I've been pecking at a full suspension design, and this thread gives me a lot of confidence and inspiration.

I am going to try the same approach as you: First making sure the bike does not break, then worry about perfecting leverage ratios in later designs.
I've never ridden a non-linkage driven single pivot like this... The leverage curve is mostly linear (ever so slightly regressive) which I have suspicions will take me a bit to get used to...
That's not really possible with this design, it's not really possible to make the curve linear. It's only at the point where the rear eyelet forms a right angle with the main pivot and forward shock mount that it's linear and inherent to the design, that can't be maintained except at one specific point in space. Before that point, it would be progressive, after that point, regressive. These types of bikes are generally regressive, as to get it progressive, you have to either rotate the front shock mount down so it never gets to/past that 90 degree point or extend the rear shock mount effectively back, like by using a yoke or interrupted seat tube design. It's going to be regressive as you say, but for general riding should be ok with an air shock. Wouldn't be ok with a coil and even for more aggressive enduro type stuff with air shocks they still tend to design in more progressiveness, but the air shock should give you some decent ramp up for most riding. May have to play with spacers a bit.
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I will play with things with the shock. I guess when I say mostly linear I mean not ridiculously regressive. Without spending too much time, and somewhat secondary to fitting the shock and not having to complicate things too much, I tried to pick a pivot point with minimal change in leverage ratio from start-to-finish. For reference, according to Linkage, this is what I end up with in that regard:
Rectangle Slope Plot Line Font
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It is possible to get some progression in a single pivot design. Mark (used to post as KTM520 on here) managed to get 2.75 to 2.5 out of a single pivot. Might be possible to get a touch more if moving the main pivot further forward.

http://instagr.am/p/BptLJqehq3B/
That frame is still going today and he's not babied it.
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I assume, as you posted an Instagram link, that particular bike didn't get written up about in this forum? Regardless, searching for that I did find quite a few really interesting threads on FS bikes that I have not been able to find here before (for whatever reason I did bad searches maybe...) which is awesome.
Ktm520 had documented his first full suspension frame on here with a thread but not the second one with revised shock layout and updated geometry.
Ktm520 had documented his first full suspension frame on here with a thread but not the second one with revised shock layout and updated geometry.
One of the posts I found (that I had not been able to find previously) was actually one of yours (Frame #2). Lots of good things out there, I need to get better at searching... Have you built any more since that one I missed too?
I have built three fully frame.



Fully #2


Fully #3


#1 was the classic single pivot
#2 linkage driven single pivot, a short link drives the rocker.
#3 another linkage driven single pivot, a pull link version copy of the Ancillotti Scarab layout.
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That's awesome and inspiring - and very cool to see the increase in detail/complexity with each iteration. Thanks.
So I do have a question for the more experienced/knowledgeable than I... With other people's similar frames to what I am building, I see various methods of bridging the upper portion of the rear triangle (and even some with no bridging). Space is tight for a full tube bridge, so I was considering something like shown below, machined from bar-stock.
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I have done this before and it works reasonably - the fact that I have done it and know it works is appealing.

But I have seen a few bikes that instead use a bolt on piece, like this picture of a Starling bike shown below. That is also tempting because it could be done with a few H20 bosses and a flat plate.
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I feel like I have a reasonable understanding of what both options do for the most part - and feel like I would prefer to add one of them - but I don't know if one is better than the other. Does anybody have more insight about/experience with this?
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Why not both? Just kidding (but not really).

By bolt-on, do you mean specifically the Starling design? Or do you mean bolting the SS brace on? I don't think the latter is a good idea. The bottle bosses are pretty big stress risers, they can crack the tubes, or just break free of the tube.

In my experience, solid connections always work out better than bolts in the long run.

Also, I am curious, what was your thought process behind the main pivot location? Why downtube vs seat tube? More travel?
By bolt-on, do you mean specifically the Starling design? Or do you mean bolting the SS brace on? I don't think the latter is a good idea. The bottle bosses are pretty big stress risers, they can crack the tubes, or just break free of the tube.
By bolt on yeah I meant something very similar to the Starling design - it is simple, but I understand what you are saying and the weld in option is also very doable... Will probably start there.

Also, I am curious, what was your thought process behind the main pivot location? Why downtube vs seat tube? More travel?
The seat tube would have been easier to physically build, at least in my head; but given my chosen geometry and tube locations I could not get the combination of travel, leverage ratio and range of anti-squat that I was interested in. This should be caveated with the fact that this was not my main area of focus and I didn't spend a ton of time here - likely things could be different - but I found something 'good enough' for my purpose and ran with it. (I tried to pull up Linkage this morning to get some visuals but am having trouble with the software - if interested I can do so later when I figure it out).
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For your bridge you can open up some clearance by having it drop down below the seatstays.

See Nukeproof Mega for example.

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Pretty cool. I've been thinking about how to do this simply with what I've got - may be easier for me to stick with the original since I've got the jigs already. But worthy of continued thought on my end if I get here again.
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