a bit about brake standards
canti-lever brakes are where threre is a centrally routed cable that is split in two and attatched to both brake arms. One by bolt, the other by a cable end. This is the older standard that you can probably still find on some department store bikes, and older (pre 1996/1997 higher end stuff / everything)
V-brakes are where the cable comes in off the side and goes into a 'noodle' routing it 90 degrees or so, making the cable horizontal. The noodle fits into a swing arm on one brake arm and the cable bolts to the other arm. This is the standard that is still found on most non disk brake bikes.
Disks are self explanatory, there are ones that are cable operated, and ones where there is hydraulic fluid instead of a cable. I personally have zero experience with these.
Speaking toward canti-lever and V-brakes the lever that fit onto the handlebars have a different pivot point for each standard. Most of the older high end (and low end) brake/shifter combos (read as 7 and 8 spd stuff) use the canti-lever standard pivot point. V-brakes are better stopping power, and, I think, fit onto the same fittings on the frame as canti-levers, you just don't use the center cable routing. I have used canti-lever levers with V-brakes, but as I said spongy as hell, and a royal pain to adjust. The current 7/8 speed stuff is low end, but in combos it almost certainly uses the V-brake pivot point.
Most people don't recommend combo's since if you trash the brake levers on a crash, you're also out shifters. Plus if you upgrade the brakes, you may be out shifters. ???? why Shimano is forcing 'flippy shifts' down our throat, seems to just be giving SRAM more of the market.
Note: you can get an adapter that is supposed to change make canti-lever levers compatable with V's, but it's $15/per brake ($30ish / bike), if you can find it.
I hope this is decipherable.